Suchergebnisse

This paper is a comparison of democracy structure between two Southeast Asian Nations, Indonesia and Myanmar during their early periods of Post-Praetorianism era where the state was controlled and dominated by the military. This paper found that In Indonesia, democratization after reformasi era in 1998 had successfully changed the structure of power, where the military determination in politics had been decline significantly, despite the military still hold the power to influence political and economic affairs. In Myanmar, the democratization was a result of long term transition previously planned by the military regime, so even in 2010 democratic election, the military still hold the control over the politics and tend to preserve their power within the new face of democratic system.

This paper examines a historical trajectory using Kunio Yoshihara's concept of ersatz capitalism to analyze the development of Indonesian automotive Industry during New Order Era, 1969-1998. The concept analyzes the fact that the ersatz capitalism structure and ersatz capitalists behavior had caused the failure of Indonesian automotive Industry development to achieve self-reliance. Ersatz Capitalism is characterized by patronage between capitalists and bureaucrats, the capitalists reluctance to invest in research and technological development, foreign capital and foreign technology domination, and the domestic capitalists role that act only as a distributor of the manufactured high-technology products of foreign principals instead of doing research and development, in order to seek immediate high profit return with minimum investment. Through the research, this paper analyzes the role of the ersatz capitalists from the various background such as military, Chinese capitalists, and president families and relatives had supported foreign principal domination In Indonesia. Those capitalists are reluctant to support government programs toward self-reliance industry and choose to strengthen their ties with foreign principals, in order to get immediate profit return without much investment and technological research.